Aids Essays (485 words) - HIVAIDS, Pandemics, HIV, HIVAIDS In Africa

Aids Essays (485 words) - HIVAIDS, Pandemics, HIV, HIVAIDS In Africa Aids AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV and Aids affect more than roughly thirty million people worldwide. Race, sex and age have nothing to do with who can get this disease, however, the race with the highest number of infected people happens to be Caucasian males ages 25-44. About forty-five percent of the 641,000 AIDS cases in the U.S. have been white people. Blacks arent far behind with over 35 percent of cases, and Hispanics have about 20 percent of all cases. Asians have less than anyone does, with 1 percent. Of the estimated 30.6 million people worldwide living with this horrible, life-threatening disease in 1997, about 68 percent were living in sub-Saharan Africa. 22 percent of all cases were in Southern and Eastern Asia and the Pacific, 4 percent in Latin America, 5 Percent in North America and the Caribbean, and 2 percent in Europe and Central Asia. In 1994 and 1995 AIDS was the leading cause of death among Americans ages 25-44 years old. It was also the leading cause of death for men in the same age group an d the third leading cause of death in women 25-44. Adult males are the leading sex to contract AIDS. They account for over 80 percent of all cases in the U.S. Adult women make up 15 percent and children make up the other 1- percent of the cases. (Encarta 99) People have been lead to believe so many fictional stories about the ways of contracting AIDS and HIV; its hard to know what to believe. The truth is, the main way of getting this disease is unprotected sex. Although condoms do work most of the time, they are not 100% effective. Abstinence is the only foolproof way of not being infected with this disease or one of the thousands of others. Besides sexual contact with a person carrying the AIDS virus or HIV, you can also be infected in many different ways. For example, although no one has actually contracts AIDS from contact with these things, HIV has been found in sweat, saliva and tears. People who are unsure about the AIDS status of their partner should actually be weary of kis sing them. There has not yet been a case attributed to kissing, however, there is still a potential for contraction. For awhile now there have been rumors of transmission by insects that suck blood and bite humans. Studies have shown no evidence of this, but the rumors are still claiming it could happen. Scientists and researchers have preformed experiments after experiments because of the overwhelming concern. They all have proved there is no cause to fear insects such as mosquitoes, because in HIV carriers dont have constant high levels of HIV in their bloodstream. Another reason is that an insect mouth parts dont hold large enough amounts of blood to transmit the disease. Bibliography Encarta 1999

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals

UN ID Number Definition for Chemicals A United Nations Number –Â  also called a UN number or UN ID –Â  is a four digit code used to identify flammable and harmful chemicals. Non-hazardous chemicals are not given UN numbers. UN numbers are assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and range from UN0001 to about UN3534. However, UN 0001, UN 0002, and UN 0003 are no longer in use. In some cases, specific chemicals are assigned a UN ID, while in other cases, a number can apply to a group of products with similar properties. If a chemical behaves differently as a liquid than as a solid, two different numbers may be assigned. For the most part, NA numbers (North America numbers) from the United States Department of Transportation are identical to UN numbers. In some cases, a NA number exists where a UN number has not been assigned.There are a few exceptions, including the identifier for asbestos and that for non-pressurized self-defense spray. Use of UN Numbers The primary purpose for the codes is to regulate modes of transport for hazardous chemicals and provide key information for emergency response teams in the event of an accident. The codes may also be used to identify storage incompatibilities. UN Number Examples UN numbers are only assigned for hazardous materials, such as explosives, oxidizers, toxins, and flammable substances. The first number in modern use is UN0004, is for ammonium picrate, present at less than 10% by mass. The UN for acrylamide is UN2074. Gunpowder is identified by UN0027. Air bag modules are indicated by UN0503.

Individual Critica Essay - Strategic Analysis of an Organisation

Individual Critica - Strategic Analysis of an Organisation - Essay Example Here, the researcher will conduct PESTLE analysis in order to understand how external factors are shaping Network Rail’s strategic initiatives. Based upon pertinent internal and external pressures on Network Rail, the paper has selected corporate social responsibility (CSR) as key strategic issue to be discussed. In the main discussion, the paper will review strategic initiatives being taken by Network Rail in order to address corporate social responsibility issue. In context to corporate social responsibility, the paper will analyze issues regarding nature of the emerging stakeholder, tensions and challenges within Network Rail and pertinent industry. Strategies of Network Rail to address corporate social responsibility issue will be addressed from leadership or change perspective will be analyzed to understand effectiveness of strategy of Network Rail. Before going into main discussion, the essay will shed light on business matrix of Network Rail in order to create backgroun d for further discussion. Network Rail Ltd uses the trade name of Network Rail and the company has multiple subsidiary companies. The company is headquartered at London, United Kingdom and was established in the year 2002 (Network Rail, 2014). Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd works as subsidiary of Network Rail and the subsidiary operates and owns rail infrastructure across different cities in UK. However, Network Rail does not operate underground railway track or railway infrastructure in Northern Ireland (Network Rail, 2014). From structural perspective, Network Rail Ltd works as a statutory corporation, which can be classified as "not for dividend" private company (Network Rail, 2014). As a result, Network Rail Ltd neither has shareholders nor is it controlled by any particular owner. The company is vulnerable to government ownership as well as intervention, due to absence of legal owners. During 2012, Network Rail announced

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example He did challenge this decision in several courts but lost and was ruled against by the Supreme Court (Barnes et al, 1993). We will attempt to show that this decision falls under the utilitarian ethics principle. Utilitarian ethics can be defined over all as a decision that is made as the best decision for the most people. The case is a utilitarian ethics case though it also has the element of paternalism which is deontoligic in nature. In this case, it could only be seen that they were making this decision for the greatest good because it was a decision that ruled against the single person and saw the law in the light of a bigger picture. The Supreme Court, in this case made a decision that did not agree with the single employee because it would have led to a loss of the ability to protect future employees from injury that they themselves may not protect themselves against. This is the way public health law works. The public, the law, as well as the courts have had some difficulty in determining what justice is when it comes to a case like this one (Kass, 2001). Does this also protect the company? The answer is of course yes. However, this again is a decision that is made for the largest nu mber, not for the individual. It does not feel right to us because we have a tendency to look for justice in the sense of the single human instead of the group. It is also so easy to see that the company is not only concerned about the employee but that this is a serious illness brewing and if allowed to continue will be a large burden on the resources of the company so in the end the decision is meant to protect the employee, the company and employees of the future. The second part of the Utilitarian principle is that the decision is extrinsic in its features and that the outcomes of the decision were extrinsic in nature. This is certainly true here. This decision will affect

Art Forgeries Essay Example for Free

Art Forgeries Essay When one enters into an art museum, one would expect all of the pieces of art to be that of the original. However, when an art lover does not know the difference between an original from a forgery, then they may have been fooled by both the museum and by the forger. No one can really look at a painting and distinctly know whether it is a forged piece of work or an original piece of work. Art forgeries may seem like an artist copying a well-known artists work, but it depends on how one looks at a particular piece of art. There are multiple reasons as to why art forgeries can be seen as something positive in the artistic world. Crispin Sartwell discusses about Jerrold Levinson’s definition of art from Levinson’s article, â€Å"Refining Art Historically,† in the Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism of 1990. To Levinson, art is something that is made to be intended to be â€Å"regarded† as a work of art (Sartwell). Luise Morton and Thomas Foster discuss Nelson Goodman’s definition of art from Languages of Art in Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism of 1991. Goodman says that it is about how one looks at an original and a forged art depends on the way we look at it (Morton and Foster). Both Levinson and Goodman make good points because they are both saying that all depends on the person’s perspective. Not everyone sees the same piece of art the same way another person does, so given a choice between an original or a forged piece of art, some may be able to tell the difference and some may not. The idea of having different perspectives on what is real art or what is not depends solely on an individual. Levinson and Goodman both see art by how the person intends it to be. According to Jonathon Keats who writes in The Daily Beast, art forgery helps take us out of our comfort zone, while the real art keeps us within our comfort zone. Keats writes that forgers credit their work to the original artist. In doing so, the artist’s work is more accessible to more people and that the artist who forged an original should be appreciated (Keats). Blake Gopnik writing in the New York Times says that the forgers can make recreate art with their hands; however, great art depends on the idea of the artist. The idea of the forger comes from the original artists, like Pollock and Rothko, setting up procedures and ideas for making art (Gopnik). The forger is able to recreate a work of art because of the way a particular artist wanted their art to be seen. On the other hand, Ross Bowden writing in the Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism of 1999 about Alfred Lessing’s essay titled, â€Å"What Is Wrong with a Forgery? † In Lessing’s essay, he disapproves of art forgery when talking culturally. Lessing believes that forgeries do not have that artistic integrity and lacks creativity. He continues to say that one can recreate an amazing artwork, but it will lack the imagination it takes to create the original piece of work (Bowden). Forgeries in the opinion of Lessing lack imagination and creativity, however, Gopnik and Keats see that an artist has the imagination and creativity to recreate a famous piece of work. If one lacks that imagination and creativity then they would not be able to get away with forgery. These forgery artists are capable of pulling off century old paintings and able to sell them to museums as originals. That takes imagination and creativity. W. E. Kennick brings up in the Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism of 1985 that every copy of an original piece of work is a forgery. Artists make their work in the style of others, but still make it their own. One is not actually forging a real piece of art, much less than copying or imitating that person’s style (Kennick). Gopnik also says that Andy Warhol’s works were sometimes made by him or sometimes made by his assistant. Warhol even attributed some of his work to other artists. An artist by the name of Marcel Duchamp made art out of bicycle wheels, urinals, already made sculptures, and other reusable items. Duchamp encouraged others to do the same and copy his style (Gopnik). Every artist can imitate or copy someone else’s work, although that artist who made the original work may no longer be alive, their work is still living on. Art forgeries can be looked at as some sort of crime because someone is recreating masterpieces and selling them to museums. However, if one stops to think about the fact that art forgeries are actually artists bringing masterpieces back, one would not think it was a crime. These artists are creative enough to be able to recreate an artwork and give art lovers the feeling of having a masterpiece in their home or be able to look at it in a museum. Art forgeries are a lucrative past time for those who love art and want to be able to see â€Å"their art† in a museum. It is a win-win situation for both the artist and the art lovers. Works Cited Bowden, Ross. What is wrong with an art forgery? : An anthropological perspective. Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism (1999): 333-343. Gopnik, Blake. In Praise of Art Forgeries . The New York Times 2 Novemeber 2013. Keats, Jonathon. Why Forgeries Are Great Art. The Daily Beast Kennick, W. E. Art and Inauthenticity. Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism (1985): 1-12. Morton, Luise H. and Thomas R. Foster. Goodman, Forgery, and the Aesthetic. Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism (1991): 155-159. Sartwell, Crispin. A Counter-Example to Levinsons Historical Theory of Art. Journal of Aesthetics Art Criticism (1990): 157-158.

Allied and Central Powers :: essays research papers

Allied Powers Fance has not forgotton its humiliating defeat at the hands of Germany in 1871. France was waiting for the chance to reestablish its power on the continent. France was willing to ally itself with another longtime enemy, Britain, to strenghten its hand against Germany. Great Britain had traditionally followed a policy of neutrality, which served it well. Yet some Britains were now calling for a new alliances, to counter the rising power of the German Empire. Britain depended on industrial strength for survival. Germany was a threat to that strength, as well as to Britains naval power. Russia had been defeated by the Japanese in 1905 and was troubled by unrest within borders. Russia felt a need to prove its strength to the other nations of Europe. It also desired to extend its influence and protection over Slavs in Balkan countries. Central Powers The German Empire had been created in 1871. Included in its territory were the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, taken from France. Now Germany was the leading power on the Continent. But Germany was not secure. Directly to the west was France, waiting for the chance to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine. To the east was Russia, recently allied with France. And on the seas the rapidly growing German navy competed with the more powerful British navy. The Austro-Hungarian, Empire was not a nation of one people, but an empire of many nationalitites. The peoples that made up the empire were mainly Austrians, Hungarians, and Slavs. But the Austrians and Hungarians ruled the empire. Many SLavs who lived in the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to be part of the new nation of Serbia. Furthermore, Rumania and Italy had designs on territory within the empire. Russian ambitions in the Balkans brought them into conflict with the Austro-Hungarians.

Special Needs Children Being Educated in Mainstream School

For many old ages at that place has been argument whether kids with particular demands should travel to mainstream school. Two decennaries ago kids in mainstream school would ne'er hold encountered a kid with particular demands. In the 1980 ‘s many particular school were closed down. John Macbeath one of the writers described it as a signifier of maltreatment for some kids and that they are more likely to acquire expelled, and instructors were go forthing the profession because they could non get by. All kids including those with particular educational demands have the right to an appropriate instruction. The demand of the single kid should be see when determinations are being made. The parent are entitled and should be enabled to play an active portion in the determination devising procedure. Their wants should be taken into consideration. A new authorities study is being interpreted as announcing reversal of policy over how particular needs kids are educated. The study suggests that the figure of particular school will non be reduced any farther ; alternatively they will be encouraged to associate with mainstream schools. The aspiration of the particular educational demands division is that every kid with particular educational demands reaches their full potency in school and can do a successful passage to maturity. To advance the public assistance and involvements of a particular needs kid an improve the support they receive, there are sites that provides a broad scope of advice and stuffs for instructors parents, local governments and other working with particular demands kids in England. John Macbeath think that other kids lost out as staff devoted their clip to particular demands kids, parent felt betrayed as their kids educational demands went unmet and the kids sunk into a spiral of misbehavior that frequently ended in ejection. Steve Sinnott the brotherhood ‘s general secretary said that inclusion has failed many kids ; Teacher ‘s supported the thought in rule, but felt allow down by the practise. Lord Adonis, the school curate, went on to state kids should be taught in mainstream schools, if this is what their parent privation and it is non incompatible with the efficient instruction of the other kids. David Willets, the shadow instruction secretary said the study should take the authorities to rethink on its inclusion policy. The tendency for an increasing figure of particular demands kids to go to mainstream school has been a success and widely seen by parents and kids as the preferred option. The authorities and the local governments had some drawback, because they thought it would be excessively much money to supply the installations and trim tuition for those kids who need it. That is non a good ground for turning back. Some schools are loath to suit kids with particular demands they think that the school could be drag down. The policy of suiting kids with particular demands in mainstream school has merely started to do a difference. Some kids will stay in particular school. But the pick should chiefly be one for parents. It should non be forced upon them by the local governments or target-hungry caput instructors seeking to curtail their school ‘s consumption. In many states there is small contact between particular needs school ‘s and mainstream schools. However, the state of affairs is get downing to alter. In 1983 the first traveling instructors who have some specialist preparation began working with particular need kids in mainstream school. Mainstream instructors were non trained to work with going instructors and this make it hard for the going instructors to supply effectual support. The authorities created an instruction policy in 2001 yet there is no counsel on the development, taking a mainstream school may besides offer the advantages of the school being nearby. With the possibility of blending with the same kids and households out of school. Childs can be offered significant aid in mainstream school both with and without statements of particular educational demands. With the strengthening in 2001 of parents right to mainstream topographic points for their kids. There are more particular demand kids go toing mainstream school and in add-on all schools have more responsibilities to do themselves accessible to and to supply accommodation for kids with particular demands. The different between mainstream and particular school is a legal 1. Harmonizing to the commission, those with particular educational demands are being sidelined. It besides claims the authorities inclusion policy, learning students in mainstream schools wherever possible is doing confusion about whether this means, shuting particular schools. One point five three million kids in England are judged to hold particular educational demands. The commission recommends more mainstream and particular school connection in federations to portion thoughts. Barry Sheerman, the commission president say many of the job identified in their study root from the fact that particular educational demands proviso has non been given sufficient precedence by consecutive authorities. The criterions varied widely ; there is a high degree of satisfaction out at that place, about 90 per centum. The commission argues that mainstream schools need to make good in conference tabular arraies, means some are unwilling to accept particular demands kids for fright of detrimental mean trial consequences. Regardless of the theory, the grounds clearly demonstrates that particular instruction demand and the raising achievement agenda sit really uncomfortably together at present. Reacting to Lord Adonis, the demands of the kid should come foremost and the penchant of the parents should be given really great consideration. The Government ‘s instruction policy if focused on assisting all kids releases their possible. They are committed to develop an instruction services that provides equal chance and high accomplishment for all kids. The particular educational demand codification of practise drama an of import function in presenting that committedness. The particular educational demand and disablement act 2001 provides a model for developing the strong partnership between parents, schools, local instruction governments, wellness and societal services and voluntary administration that are important to success in taking barriers. They are all confident that the codification of practise will construct on the success and aid raise the accomplishment of all kids.

Stock and Debt

CHAPTER 12 QUESTIONS 12-1Operating leverage affects EBIT and, through EBIT, EPS. Financial leverage generally has no effect on EBIT—it only affects EPS, given EBIT. 12-2Because Firm A has a higher fixed operating costs, its operating income will change by a greater percentage than Firm B’s operating income if sales change. Firm A has a higher degree of operating leverage than Firm B. 12-3If sales tend to fluctuate widely, then cash flows and the ability to service fixed charges also will vary. Consequently, there is a relatively large risk that the firm will be unable to meet its fixed charges.As a result, firms in unstable industries tend to use less debt than those whose sales are subject to only moderate fluctuations. 12-4The tax benefits from debt increase linearly, which causes a continuous increase in the firm’s value and stock price. However, bankruptcy-related costs begin to be felt after some amount of debt has been employed, and these costs offset the benefits of debt. See Figure 12-5 in the textbook. 12-5Carson does have leverage because its EPS increases by a greater multiple than its sales when sales change. According to the information that is given, Carson’s DTL is 4 = 20/5.Because we have no information about either the firm’s operating fixed costs or its fixed financing costs, we cannot state whether the firm has operating leverage, financial leverage, or both. 12-6EBIT depends on sales and operating costs that generally are not affected by the firm’s use of financial leverage, because interest is deducted from EBIT. At high debt levels, however, firms lose business, employees worry, and operations are not continuous because of financing difficulties. Thus, financial leverage can influence sales and cost, hence EBIT, if excessive leverage causes investors, customers, and employees to be oncerned about the firm’s future. 12-7Expected EPS generally is measured as EPS for the coming years, and we typically do not reflec t in this calculation any bankruptcy-related costs. Also, EPS does not reflect (in a major way) the increase in risk and ks that accompanies an increase in the debt ratio, whereas P0 does reflect these factors. Thus, the stock price will be maximized at a debt level that is lower than the EPS-maximizing debt level. 12-8A firm can change the proportion of debt it uses in its capital structure. If the firm has too much (little) debt, it can reduce (increase) the proportion of debt in its capital structure.Such as change should decrease the firm’s WACC, and thus increase its value. 12-9Absolute’s optimal capital structure is 40 percent debt (= $20,000,000/$50,000,000), because the market price of the company’s stock ($130. 75) is maximized at this point. 12-10With increased competition after the breakup of AT&T, the new AT&T and the seven Bell operating companies’ business risk increased. With this component of total company risk increasing, the new companie s probably decided to reduce their financial risk, and use less debt, to compensate.With increased competition the chance of bankruptcy increases and lowering debt usage makes this less of a possibility. If we consider the tax issue alone, interest on debt is tax deductible; thus, the higher the firm’s tax rate the more beneficial the deductibility of interest is. However, competition and business risk have tended to outweigh the tax aspect as we saw from the actual debt ratios of the Bell companies. The Bell companies and the new AT&T lowered their debt ratios, for reasons along these lines. 2-11Several possibilities exist for the firm, but trying to match the length of the project with the maturity of the financing plan seems to be the best approach. The firm might want to finance the R&D with short-term debt and then, if the project’s results are successful, to raise the needed capital for production through long-term debt or equity. Another possibility would be to issue convertible bonds, which can be converted to common stock—a lower interest rate would be paid now, and in the future (presumably the stock price will increase with the new process) investors would trade in the bonds for stock.One also should keep in mind that this project, and R&D in general, is extremely risky and debt financing might not be available except at extremely high rates. For this reason, many R&D companies have low debt ratios, instead paying low dividends and using retained earnings for financing projects. Under Debt financing the expected EPS is $5. 78, the standard deviation is $1. 05, the CV is 0. 18, and the debt ratio increases to 75. 5%. (The debt ratio had been 70. 6 percent. Under Equity financing the expected EPS is $5. 51, the standard deviation is $0. 85, the CV is 0. 15, and the debt ratio decreases to 58. 8 percent. At this interest rate, debt financing provides a higher expected EPS than equity financing; however, the debt ratio is significan tly higher under the debt financing situation as compared with the equity financing situation. Because EPS is not significantly greater under debt financing, but the risk is noticeably greater, equity financing should be recommended.INTEGRATIVE PROBLEMANSWER: Business risk is the uncertainty associated with a firm’s projection of its future operating income.It also is defined as the risk faced by a firm’s stockholders if the company uses no debt. A firm’s business risk is affected by many factors, including: (1) variability in the demand for its output, (2) variability in the price at which its output can be sold, (3) variability in the prices of its inputs, (4) the firm’s ability to adjust output prices as input prices change, (5) the amount of operating leverage used by the firm, and (6) special risk factors (such as potential product liability for a drug company or the potential cost of a nuclear accident for a utility with nuclear plants).ANSWER: Oper ating leverage is the extent to which fixed operating costs are used in a firm’s operations. If a high percentage of the firm's total operating costs are fixed, and hence do not decline when demand falls, then the firm is said to have high operating leverage. Other things held constant, the greater a firm’s operating leverage, the greater its business risk. [pic] ANSWER: Financial leverage refers to the firm’s decision to finance with fixed-charge securities, such as debt and preferred stock. Financial risk is the additional risk, over and above the company's inherent business risk, orne by the stockholders as a result of the firm's decision to finance with debt. [pic] ANSWER: As we discussed above, business risk depends on a number of factors such as sales and cost variability, and operating leverage. Financial risk, on the other hand, depends on only one factor—the amount of fixed-charge capital (financing) the company uses. [pic] ANSWER: Here are the f ully completed statements: The expected TIE would be larger than 2. 5x if less debt were used, but smaller if leverage were increased. [pic] ANSWER: The optimal capital structure is the capital structure at which the tax-related benefits of leverage are exactly offset by debt’s risk-related costs.At the optimal capital structure, (1) the total value of the firm is maximized, (2) the WACC is minimized, and the price per share is maximized. [pic] ANSWER: Here is the sequence of events: 1. CDSS must first announce its recapitalization plans. 2. The company’s stock would have some market price before the announcement, in this case, $20 per share. The company would have to estimate (a) the price it would have to pay for the repurchased shares and (b) the method to be used for the repurchase (open market purchases, or a tender offer). 3.For simplicity, we assume that the firm could repurchase stock at its current price, $20, which also happens to be its book value per share. In actuality, investors would probably reassess their views about the firm’s profitability and risk under the new capital structure, and the stock price probably would rise. No current shareholder would be willing to sell at a price very far below the expected new price, although some would be afraid the recap plan might not go through, and those stockholders would sell out at a lower-than-expected price.Therefore, the stock price would adjust quickly to a new equilibrium that reflects the recapitalization. 4. CDSS would purchase stock, then issue debt and use the proceeds to pay for the repurchased stock. After the recapitalization, the company would have more debt but fewer common shares outstanding. A new EPS could be calculated, and the price would settle into its new level. [pic]4. ANSWER: The analysis for the debt levels being considered (in thousands of dollars and shares) is shown below: At Debt = $0: [pic] At Debt = $250,000: Shares repurchased = $250,000/$20 = 12,5 00.Remaining shares outstanding = 100,000 – 12,500 = 87,500. Note: EPS and TIE calculations are in thousands of dollars. ) [pic] At Debt = $500,000: Shares repurchased = $500,000/$20 = 25,000. Remaining shares outstanding = 100,000 – 25,000 = 75,000. (Note: EPS and TIE calculations are in thousands of dollars. ) [pic] At Debt = $750,000: Shares repurchased = $750,000/$20 = 37,500. Remaining shares outstanding = 100,000 – 37,500 = 62,500. (Note: EPS and TIE calculations are in thousands of dollars. ) [pic] At Debt = $1,000,000: Shares repurchased = $1,000,000/$20 = 50,000. Remaining shares outstanding = 100,000 – 50,000 = 50,000. (Note: EPS and TIE calculations are in thousands of dollars. [pic] [pic] ANSWER: We can calculate the price of a constant growth stock as DPS divided by rs minus g, where g is the expected growth rate in dividends: [pic] Because in this case all earnings are paid out to the stockholders, DPS = EPS. Further, because no earnings are plowed back, the firm’s EBIT is not expected to grow, so g = 0.Here are the results: Debt Level DPS rs Stock Price $ 0 $3. 00 15. 0% $20. 00 250,000 3. 26 15. 5 21. 03 500,000 3. 56 16. 5 21. 58* 750,000 3. 86 18. 0 21. 44 1,000,000 4. 8 20. 0 20. 40 * maximum ANSWER: A capital structure with $500,000 of debt produces the highest stock price, $21. 58, hence it is the best of those considered. ANSWER: We have seen that EPS continues to increase beyond the $500,000 optimal level of debt. Therefore, focusing on EPS when making capital structure decisions is not correct—while the EPS does take account of the differential cost of debt, it does not account for the increasing risk that must be borne by the equity holders. ANSWER: Currently, Debt/Total assets = 0%, so total assets = initial equity = $20 x 100,000 shares = $2,000,000.WACC = ($500,000/$2,000,000)[(11%)(0. 60)] + ($1,500,000/$2,000,000)(16. 5%) = 1. 65% + 12. 38% = 14. 03%. NOTE: If we had (1) used the equilibri um price for repurchasing shares and (2) used market value weights to calculate WACC, then we could be sure that the WACC at the price-maximizing capital structure would be the minimum. Using a constant $20 purchase price, and book value weights, inconsistencies might creep in. [pic] ANSWER: If the firm had higher business risk, then, at any debt level, its probability of financial distress would be higher.Investors would recognize this, and both rd and rs would be higher than originally estimated. It is not shown in this analysis, but the end result would be an optimal capital structure with less debt. Conversely, lower business risk would lead to an optimal capital structure that included more debt. ANSWER: The three degrees of leverage are calculated below: S = $1,350,000 New debt = $500,000 @ 11% VC = 0. 6S F = $40,000 (Note: Calculations are in thousands of dollars. ) [pic] [pic] DTL = DOL x DFL = 1. 08 x 1. 12 = 1. 21. The degree of operating leverage is defined as the percent age change in perating income (EBIT) associated with a given percentage change in sales. Because our company’s degree of operating leverage is 1. 08, this means that a given percentage increase in sales will lead to an 8 percent greater increase in EBIT. For example, if sales increased by 100 percent, then EBIT would increase by 108 percent. The degree of financial leverage is defined as the percentage change in EPS associated with a given percentage change in EBIT. Because CDSS’s degree of financial leverage is 1. 12, this means that if EBIT increased by 100 percent, then EPS would increase by 112 percent.The degree of total leverage shows the combined effects of operating and financial leverage on the firm’s earnings per share. It is defined as the percentage change in EPS brought about by a given percentage change in sales, and it is calculated as DOL x DFL. Because CDSS’s DTL is 1. 21, a 100 percent increase in sales would produce a 121 percent increa se in EPS. The degree of leverage concept is useful for planning purposes, as it gives an idea of what will happen to earnings as sales vary. Investors can use the concept to consider firms with different leverages if they expect sales to rise or fall. [pic]ANSWER: Because it is difficult to quantify the capital structure decision, managers consider the following judgmental factors when making capital structure decisions: (1)The average debt ratio for firms in their industry. (2)Pro forma tie ratios at different capital structures under different scenarios. (3)Lender/rating agency attitudes. (4)Reserve borrowing capacity. (5)Effects of financing on control. (6)Asset structure. (7)Expected tax rate. ANSWER: The following figure presents a graph of the situation: [pic] The use of debt permits a firm to obtain tax savings from the deductibility of interest.So the use of some debt is good; however, the possibility of bankruptcy increases the cost of using debt. At higher and higher leve ls of debt, the risk of bankruptcy increases, bringing with it costs associated with potential financial distress. Customers reduce purchases, key employees leave, and so on. There is some point, generally well below a debt ratio of 100 percent, at which problems associated with potential bankruptcy more than offset the tax savings from debt. Theoretically, the optimal capital structure is found at the point where the marginal tax savings just equal the marginal bankruptcy-related costs.However, analysts cannot identify this point with precision for any given firm, or for firms in general. Analysts can help managers determine an optimal range for their firm’s debt ratios, but the capital structure decision still is more judgmental than based on precise calculations. ANSWER: The asymmetric information concept is based on the premise that management’s choice of financing gives signals to investors. Firms with good investment opportunities will not want to share the benef its with new stockholders, so they will tend to finance with debt. Firms with poor prospects, on the other hand, will want to finance with stock.Investors know this, so when a large, mature firm announces a stock offering, investors take this as a signal of bad news, and the stock price declines. Firms know this, so they try to avoid having to sell new common stock. This means maintaining a reserve of borrowing capacity so that when good investments come along, they can be financed with debt. 12-17Computer-Related Problem a. If the outstanding debt has to be refunded at the new higher interest rate, expected EPS would decline under either financing plan. However, EPS would decline more if debt financing were used. Therefore, ebt financing has become relatively less attractive than stock financing. The output generated by the model is given below:ETHICAL DILEMMA A BOND IS A BOND †¦ IS A STOCK †¦ IS A BONDOCK?Ethical dilemma: Wally is evaluating whether to use a new (to the United States) financial instrument to raise funds to finance Ohio Rubber & Tire’s (ORT) expansion plans. The new instrument, which is called a bondock, has some characteristics of traditional debt and some characteristics that are similar to common equity. The cost of capital associated with bondocks is slightly higher than traditional debt, but significantly lower than common equity.If ORT’s expansion plans are successful, both its bondholders and its stockholders will receive handsome returns. However, if the expansion plans are not successful, then it appears that stockholders can still benefit but at the expense of bondholders. ORT’s executives are some of the company’s major stockholders, so it appears that they would be in favor of issuing bondocks. Discussion questions: ?Is there an ethical problem? If so, what is it? The question here is whether it is appropriate to use a new financial instrument called a bondock to raise funds needed for expansi on.Because the cost of capital associated with a bondock is slightly higher than the cost of debt but significantly lower than the cost of equity, management thinks that it might be appropriate to use this medium to raise funds to invest in risky ventures. If the expansion investment is successful, both the bondholders and the stockholders will benefit. Of course, the benefit to stockholders will be greater than the benefit to bondholders. On the other hand, if the expansion investment is unsuccessful, both bondholders and stockholders will suffer financial losses.But, because the market values of the bondocks will decline significantly, the firm could benefit by repurchasing these financing instruments in the capital markets. In this case, stockholders would benefit at the expense of bondholders. As a result, the ethical question is whether ORT should raise funds using bondocks knowing that there is a possibility that its stockholders will gain at the expense of its bondholders. ?I s it appropriate for ORT to use bondocks to raise funds that are needed for expansion? Is there an ethical dilemma here? Maybe not. Remember that investors take risks when purchasing the stocks and bonds of firms.In this case, ORT would be wise to use bondocks if the purpose is to raise funds for expansion while trying to lower the cost of capital associated with â€Å"going to† the financial markets. It might be argued that it is unethical for ORT to use bondocks if the intent is to benefit executives who receive bonuses and incentives in the form of the company’s stock. It also might be argued that it is unethical if the intent is to harm the position of bondholders.However, if the primary objective is to increase the value of the firm, then it is difficult to argue that issuing this new financial instrument is unethical. What would you do if you were Wally? It seems that the best solution is for Wally to try to get more information about the new financial instrument called a bondock. Because little is known about bondocks and they appear to be rather complex financial instruments, Wally should gather more information about the risks as well as the benefits to ORT associated with using this medium to raise funds for expansion. Once he has performed his due diligence, Wally should determine whether using bondocks will benefit the firm and its investors in general.If the answer is â€Å"no,† then bondocks should not be used. References: The following articles might be assigned for background material: Emily Thornton, â€Å"Gluttons at the Gate,† BusinessWeek, October 30, 2006, pp. 58-66. David Henry, â€Å"Cross-Dressing Securities,† BusinessWeek, March 13, 2006, pp. 58-59

7 Top Tips on Writing the Time

7 Top Tips on Writing the Time 7 Top Tips on Writing the Time As anyone who has turned up for a midday meeting at midnight will tell you, clarity is vital when writing the time of day. But there are many ways to write the time, and the best approach isn’t always obvious. So to help out, we’ve prepared this guide to putting the time down on paper. 1. Words or Numerals? You can write the time of day using either words or numerals. If you are using numerals, you would usually include both hours and minutes, although you can omit the minutes in less formal writing. For instance, all the following would be acceptable: She gets up at six in the morning every day. She gets up at 6:00 in the morning every day. She gets up at 6 o’clock in the morning every day. As a rule, though, you would only write out the time as words when: It is part of a full sentence, particularly in descriptive or literary writing. Using a 12-hour clock (never with a 24-hour clock). Youre referring to an approximate or round time (e.g., saying â€Å"ten thirty† is fine, but you would not usually write â€Å"twenty-four minutes after eight†). In most other cases, numerals are the clearer option for writing the time, especially in scientific and technical writing, where precision is vital. 2. AM and PM The abbreviations AM and PM can be used when writing the time as numerals. Each applies to a different time of day: AM is short for ante meridiem, meaning â€Å"before noon.† PM is short for post meridiem, meaning â€Å"after noon.† As such, we use AM and PM to indicate the time of day when we are using a 12-hour clock. We can see how this works more clearly if we write out various times of day in both 12-hour and 24-hour formats: Time 12-Hour Clock 24-Hour Clock Midnight 12:00 AM 00:00 Three in the morning 03:00 AM 03:00 Half past eight in the morning 08:30 AM 08:30 Midday 12:00 PM 12:00 Three in the afternoon 03:00 PM 15:00 Half past eight in the evening 08:30 PM 20:30 You can see here that we need AM and PM with the twelve-hour clock for clarity. Without them, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between, e.g., midday and midnight. Likewise, though, you do not need to include AM or PM with a 24-hour time because it is already clear. There are also several ways to write AM and PM, including: ALL CAPS, small caps, or lower case (e.g., 12 AM, 12 AM, or 12 am) With or without periods between the letters (e.g., 8 PM or 8 P.M.) With or without a space after the number (e.g., 1 AM or 1AM) Consistency is key here, so make sure to apply one style throughout your document. You may also want to check your style guide if you have one, as some organizations will have their own rules for how to write AM and PM. 3. When to Use O’clock You’ll have noticed we use â€Å"o’clock† in one of the examples above. This term means â€Å"of the clock,† so we can use it to show that a number refers to a time. However, you should only use â€Å"o’clock† with exact hours: It is precisely 5 o’clock. âÅ"” I’m leaving at seven o’clock. âÅ"” It arrived at 7:34 o’clock. âÅ"Ëœ The gig starts at half past seven o’clock. âÅ"Ëœ We’ll save a discussion of when wine o’clock is for another blog post. 4. Past, After, Till, and To When writing the time as words, use â€Å"after,† â€Å"past,† and â€Å"to† for intervals between hours. You can combine these terms with either numbers or the words â€Å"half† and â€Å"quarter† depending on the time in question: Use after or past for intervals up to half an hour past the hour. Use to for any interval after the half hour up to the hour. Use half past to indicate 30 minutes past the hour. Use quarter past  or  quarter after for 15 minutes after the hour. Use quarter to for 15 minutes up to the hour. For example, we would use the above accordingly in the following times: 7:05 → Five after seven 7:15 → Quarter past seven 7:30 → Half past seven 7:45 → Quarter to eight 7:55 → Five to eight Keep in mind that using after for times is only standard in American English. In other English dialects, past is far more common. 5. Punctuating the Time When writing the time as numerals, you can use either a colon or a full stop between the hour and the minutes. In some cases, such as in the military, you can even write out a 24-hour time without any punctuation. For instance, the following are all acceptable ways of punctuating a time: We need to leave by 6:45 pm at the latest. âÅ"” We need to leave by 6.45 pm at the latest. âÅ"” We need to leave by 1845 at the latest. âÅ"” The colon is the most common option here, but it is a matter of preference. Unless you’re in the military, in which case we suggest sticking to protocol. 6. Time Zones For the contiguous states in the USA, we have four standard time zones: Pacific Time (PT) [UTC-08:00] Mountain Time (MT) [UTC-07:00] Central Time (CT) [UTC-06:00] Eastern Time (ET) [UTC-5:00] We also have regional time zones for Alaska, Hawaii, and 5 US dependencies, plus daylight saving time in some places during the warmer months of the year. And people in other countries use different time zones entirely! Basically, we’re saying geography can make time complicated. This is why we sometimes include a time zone when writing the time. The initials UTC in the examples above, for instance, stand for Universal Time Coordinated. We can use this to compare times in different places. So, â€Å"UTC-8:00† means that Pacific Time is 8 hours behind UTC. And since we know that Pacific Time is 8 hours behind UTC and Eastern Time is 5 hours behind UTC, we can work out that ET is 3 hours ahead of PT. In other words, by including a time zone when we write a time, we can help people in other places â€Å"translate† it into their own time zone. This is especially important if you are writing for an international audience, since not everyone will be in the same time zone. You therefore need to include a set of time zone initials so your reader can calculate the equivalent time wherever they are. For example, if we were making an announcement for an international audience, we might say: The live broadcast will begin at 9:00 pm UTC. Someone in Bolivia could then look up the difference between UTC and BOT (Bolivia Time) and know the broadcast begins at 5:00 pm where they are. 7. Avoiding Redundancy when Writing the Time In writing, redundancy means using a word unnecessarily. We mentioned above, for example, that you do not need to use AM or PM with 24-hour times because we already know whether a time is the morning or afternoon/evening when using a 24-hour clock. Other cases of temporal redundancy you may want to avoid include: Using â€Å"in the morning,† â€Å"in the afternoon,† etc., alongside AM/PM. Combining â€Å"in the morning,† â€Å"in the afternoon,† etc., with a 24-hour time. Using â€Å"midday,† â€Å"noon,† or â€Å"midnight† alongside a time in numbers. We’ll end this post with a few examples of redundancies so you know what to watch out for. Check out the table below, good luck writing the time, and let us know if you need any help proofreading your work. Redundancy Correction The event ends at 17:00 PM. The event ends at 17:00. The event ends at 5:00 PM. We leave at 6AM in the morning. We leave at 6AM. We leave at 6:00 in the morning. He went to bed at 23:00 at night. He went to bed at 23:00. He went to bed at 11:00 at night. I’ll see you at twelve noon. I’ll see you at twelve. I’ll see you at noon. (N.B. ‘Noon’ is the better correction here, since ‘twelve’ by itself could be either midday or midnight.)

3 Top Tips for Writing Exceptional Georgetown Essays

3 Top Tips for Writing Exceptional Georgetown Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With an acceptance rate of just 17 percent, Georgetown is ranked as an extremely competitive school. If you want to be a part of the student body, you need to impress, and one of the best opportunities you have to do that is in your Georgetown essays. Don’t let the Georgetown essay prompts intimidate you. Though they may look complicated at first- and they do ask complex questions- some foresight and planning will help you write essays that are sure to impress. This guide will walk you through the Georgetown essays, giving you a look into the expectations and thought process behind each of the essay prompts. Feature Image:Patrickneil/Wikimedia Commons What Should You Know About the Georgetown Essay Prompts? Georgetown doesn't use the Common or Coalition Application. Instead, you’ll be filling out an application tailored specifically to their desires, though it may cover most of the same information. Because of that, you’ll want to pay extra close attention to what you discuss in your essays. Your essays should be tied specifically to Georgetown rather than the more general approach of the Coalition or Common Application. The Georgetown essays include one short essay of about a half-page, single-spaced, one longer one-page essay required of all students, and a second one-page essay specifically tied to one of Georgetown’s four schools: Georgetown College, the School of Nursing and Health Studies, Walsh School of Foreign Service, and the McDonough School of Business. Students in the arts- specifically music, dance, theater, and studio art- may submit additional portfolios as part of their application, but it isn’t required. Writing your Georgetown essays might feel something like this, but there's a clear path through! What Are the Required Georgetown Essay Prompts? Because Georgetown’s application is only for Georgetown, you’ll immediately notice that they’re a lot more specific than the Common or Coalition prompts. You should keep that specificity in mind as you answer the questions, thinking not just about why you want to go to a good school, but why you want to attend Georgetown specifically. How to Answer the Georgetown Short Essay Prompt Briefly discuss the significance to you of the school or summer activity in which you have been most involved.(One half-page, single spaced.) This question is pretty straightforward. Though you’ve no doubt discussed your extracurriculars throughout your application, this question asks you to think deeper about one of them. Ask yourself why you do those activities, and what they personally mean to you. â€Å"Why,† not â€Å"what,† should be the question you’re answering. Flesh out your mentions of extracurriculars in your application with discussions of why you do them and what you’ve learned. The activity you discuss should be significant to you- not something you do purely for fun or something you do because your parents make you. As with the first question, don’t inflate things to look more impressive. If you spent most of your summer watching TV, that might be relevant if you’re an aspiring screenwriter, and you can mention it- but again, answer the question ofwhy. Why did you choose the shows you did? What did you learn from them? That said, watching TV isn’tthe bestchoice. You’d be better off discussing how you spent your summer working on an original short film or participating in a workshop for aspiring screenwriters- but no matter what your preferred activity, there is a way to discuss why it’s significant to you and what you learned from it. This prompt gives you space to discuss your interests, particularly the things that can’t be represented by numbers as grades and test scores can. It gives Georgetown a clearer picture of you, which helps in their decision. This is also a space to expand on participation. Maybe you never became captain of the swim team and you’ve been worried that the lack of leadership might count against you. In this essay, you can explain that though that was your goal, you didn’t quite make it- but that you learned a lot anyway. This essay really is about what’s significant to you, so there are no wrong answers- it’s your execution that matters. Avoid being too general, or focusing too much on picking the most impressive thing from your roster if that thing didn’t actually matter to you. Be genuine with what’s significant to you and your essay will be stronger for it. This essay is the perfect one to show off what makes you unique. How to Answer the Georgetown Essay Prompt for All Applicants As Georgetown is a diverse community, the Admissions Committee would like to know more about you in your own words. Please submit a brief essay, either personal or creative, which you feel best describes you. (One page, single-spaced.) Notice how the emphasis on this question is on you. This is called a â€Å"Why You?† style essay- though the application is for Georgetown, the admissions office wants to know why you’ll be a good fit for the college and what you in particular will bring to the student body. What this means is that Georgetown doesn’t want to hear about how they have the best program or the greatest campus. They want to know about you and what makes you unique. When answering this question, think about what makes you a good fit for Georgetown’s student body. Consider their mission statement, their origin as a Catholic and Jesuit college, and what that means today. That doesn’t mean that you need to identify yourself as Catholic if you aren’t (please don’t do that), but that you should consider the role that faith plays in Georgetown’s approach to education. How does their mission statement connectto your own life and educational goals? Demonstrating that you understand the school’s mission and how you can contribute to it as a student is one of the most important parts of this question. But â€Å"Why You?† is only part of the question. The specific mention of diversity is important, too. Its inclusion in the question means that it’s important to Georgetown, and they want you to demonstrate that it’s important to you, too. Don’t get too fixated on typical meanings of â€Å"diverse.† We often use the word to refer to the variety of genders, sexualities, races, socio-economic statuses, and so on that exist in the world, but diversity of thought is worthwhile, too. Of course, you should write about your gender, sexuality, race, and so on if it’s relevant to what you’ll bring to campus- and it often is- but don’t feel like it’s all you have to offer. Think about what your experience has taught you, and how those lessons will contribute to Georgetown’s diverse student body. That can mean discussing overcoming socio-economic hardship, or it can mean relating how you and your seven brothers used to squabble until you realized working together got chores done faster. Everybody has a unique story to tell, and this is Georgetown offering you space to tell yours. Georgetown invites you to get creative here, but if you want to take a more embellished approach than a traditional essay, be sure that that creativity comes through in your writing and language rather than in the events. Don’t inflate things to look more interesting or diverse than you are- this is your chance to flesh out the grades and test scores with your personality, so be sure it’s your personality that the admissions office sees. How to Answer the Georgetown College Essay Prompt Georgetown College is the largest undergraduate school at Georgetown University, and contains many of the school's arts and sciences programs. What does it mean to you to be educated? How might Georgetown College help you achieve this aim? (Applicants to the Sciences and Mathematics or the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics should address their chosen course of study.) (One page, single-spaced.) This question is asking about your personal relationship with education and learning. But more than that, it’s asking you why you want to attend Georgetown, making it a â€Å"Why Us?† essay. When answering this prompt, think about your goals and how Georgetown fits into them. They don’t need to hear about how they’re a good school and you’ve always wanted to attend a competitive college- they already know that, and most other students also want to attend a good school. Why Georgetown specifically, as opposed to all the other possible schools you could apply to? This is a good place to demonstrate familiarity with their mission and curriculum. Are there particular classes or faculty driving your decision to attend? Mention them! Think holistically here. How will attending Georgetown enrich your education and help you reach your career goals? Keep their mission statement in mind as you write- consider the ideas of diversity, service to humanity, and community and how those fit into your goals. Again, avoid generalities. Your essay should have enough concrete connection to Georgetown that you couldn’t easily swap another school’s name in and still have it make sense. Of course, there will always be some overlap with other schools, but be sure that the true spirit of Georgetown comes through in your essay. Give yourself some time to prepare for your Georgetown essay and you'll be feeling like this. How to Answer the Georgetown School of Nursing Health Studies Essay Prompt Georgetown’s School of Nursing and Health Studies is exactly what it sounds like. This is where you’ll be applying if you’re interested in any of the health care fields, which is reflected in the prompt. Describe the factors that have influenced your interest in studying health care. Please specifically address your intended major (Global Health, Health Care Management Policy, Human Science, or Nursing).(One page, single-spaced.) This question isn’t quite a clear-cut â€Å"Why Us?† or â€Å"Why You?† question, unlike the previous ones. Instead, it’s asking â€Å"Why Health Care?† Again, always keep in mind Georgetown’s mission as a college: diversity, discussion, and the wellbeing of humanity. All of these things can factor into your essay in a meaningful way. Think beyond health care being a reliable and well-paying field. Why do you want to care for people? Why the health field, specifically? Tying Georgetown’s mission into this question is a great way to demonstrate your interest in the field, but also in the specific ways that this school teaches. In this question, Georgetown wants you to demonstrate your interest in the field. If you’re invested in health care, you’re more likely to succeed in the program. The admissions office also wants to know what passion and interest you’ll bring to the school, making you a student they want to invest in. If you don’t already know why you’ve chosen to pursue health care over other fields, now’s the time to start thinking about it. Health care can often be thankless, difficult, and even frightening if you’re working in emergency situations. What drives you to do it anyway? Maybe you’ve struggled with illness yourself, and you want to commit to researching cures. Or maybe you’re fascinated by the ways that disease impacts society, and you want to learn more about prevention and how to enact it on an individual basis. No matter what your career goal is, it’s important that you can explain why you’ve chosen this field over all others. However, be sure you can tie your interest to Georgetown specifically. Your essay will be even stronger if it explains not just what appeals to you about health care, but why Georgetown is the right college to help you achieve your goals. How to Answer the Walsh School of Foreign Service Essay Prompt If you’re interested in international relations, Wash School of Foreign Service is likely where you’ll be applying. Briefly discuss a current global issue, indicating why you consider it important and what you suggest should be done to deal with it.(One page, single-spaced.) Though college essays are generally not the place to launch into potentially inflammatory political topics, this question is specifically asking you to discuss a global issue. However, your answer should be well-reasoned and informed, demonstrating a thorough understanding of not just the side you agree with, but also the arguments of the opposition. This question wants you to demonstrate your awareness of the world. As a student of foreign service, you should be acquainted with what’s happening around the world and concerned with how to address important issues. You should use this opportunity to demonstrate not only what you know, but how you think about it, keeping in mind Georgetown’s mission of diversity and care for humanity. If you can show that you are interested in and engaged with the world, you demonstrate to Georgetown that you have a genuine interest in foreign service. But the service part is also important- don’t forget the part of the question that asks for your suggestions as to what can be done about the issue. Though Georgetown will no doubt be impressed if you manage to truly solve world hunger in your application, don’t worry too much about coming up with a wild, unheard-of solution. You need to support your ideas more than anything, showing Georgetown how you can address issues on a global scale with thoughtfulness and an understanding of context. Avoid focusing on an issue solely because it's a popular one if you don’t have the understanding to back it up. Georgetown wants your informed thinking on a specific topic, not an uninformed opinion on a global problem. Poverty is a global issue with plenty of potential solutions, but it's also a complex issue with many contributing factors, all of which vary throughout the world. What'sone angle that you understand well enough to speak confidently about it? A global issue is naturally going to be a big topic, but by focusing on an area you understand- such as food scarcity, a history of colonization, or climate change- your essay will be sharp and clear. The McDonough School of Business' prompt is all about why you've chosen Georgetown. How to Answer the McDonough School of Business Essay Prompt The McDonough School of Business is exactly what it sounds like. If you’re attending Georgetown with an interest in business, you’ll need to answer the following prompt: â€Å"The McDonough School of Business is a national and global leader in providing graduates with essential ethical, analytical, financial and global perspectives. Please discuss your motivations for studying business at Georgetown.†(One page, single-spaced.) The McDonough School of Business prompt is a classic â€Å"Why Us?† question, asking you to identify not just that Georgetown is a good school, but why it’s the right school for you and your interests. To answer this question, consider the university’s ethos and curriculum. Look at their course offerings and consider those as well as whatever reasons you have for applying. Think specifically, not generally- beyond it being a well-respected university, what does Georgetown have to offer you that other well-respected universities do not? Georgetown wants to hear that you’re committed to their program specifically, so answer in specifics. Identify features of their program in particular, and be sure to answer the question of why those features draw you to Georgetown. If you have a personal anecdote about Georgetown, such as a moment on a tour, a personal connection to the campus, or admiration for a particular alumni, this essay is a good place to discuss it. If not, it’s always a good idea to use concrete specifics, such as classes and extracurriculars that appeal to you. Fold those into a discussion of Georgetown’s mission and your own career goals to paint a complete picture of why this is the right school for you. This could be you and your new classmates at Georgetown. What Does a Successful Georgetown Essay Look Like? Planning an essay can be difficult as you try to weigh what the school might want against everything you could possibly cover. Thankfully, there's at least one successful Georgetown essay out there you can read in its entirety: "Listen, girl. He's over 60 and speaks no English. There is no way we would hire him." His tone was rude, but I sadly understood why my dad wasn't hired. I faced my hopeful dad and watched his smile drop as I told him that Dave just remembered that they hired someone yesterday and that they really couldn't afford to hire anyone else. My dad was disappointed, but nonetheless he graciously shook Dave's hand and thanked him for his time.Job searching is difficult for everyone, but in a world full of Daves, it's almost impossible. Daves are people who look at my family and immediately think less of us. They think illegal, poor and uneducated. Daves never allow my dad to pass the first round of job applications. Daves watch like hawks as my brother and I enter stores. Daves inconsiderately correct my mother's grammar. Because there are Daves in the world, I have become a protector for my family. I excuse their behavior as just being a "typical American." I convince my mother that they are only staring at her lovely new purse. I convince my dad they are only shouting about store sales to us. Aside from being a protector, I am also an advocate. As an advocate, I make sure my family is never taken advantage of. I am always looking out for scams and discrepancies. I am the one asking the questions when we buy or sell a car. I make sure all details are discussed and no specifics are left unanswered. It’s not hard to see why the writer was accepted to Georgetown. This essay clearly demonstrates her experience and understanding of the world. The last paragraph is a great example of how to turn that experience into something actionable- she wants to go into public service, politics, or diplomacy because of how she’s helped her parents and the bigotry she’s witnessed as she’s done so. We know from reading exactly what the writer will bring to Georgetown: an understanding of the world and the way it’s treated her and her family. She demonstrates her understanding of diversity clearly, which answers the first prompt- it shows what makes her unique as well as what she’ll contribute. The essay shows her personal story and how that’s influenced her lifelong plans. Because the admissions office understands where she comes from and the essay finishes with where she hopes to go- as well as covering some of the obstacles she’s overcome- they have a complete picture of her as a student. One area the essay could be improved is strengthening the connection to Georgetown specifically. This essay is quite strong- she did get into Georgetown with it- but spending a little more time reflecting on how her life experience connects to Georgetown’s mission would give it a little extra oomph. As it is, this could be an application essay for pretty much any school. Drawing a clear connection from your experiences to the college you’re applying to demonstrates a stronger degree of interest, making your essay stand out. Prepare ahead of time and your Georgetown essays will be far easier. Key Points of Advice for Georgetown Essays No matter which prompts you're answering, it's a good idea to follow general advice for your Georgetown essays, too. Though the application for Georgetown is unique to the school, it still follows most of the common rules of college applications, so be sure to read up on some common tips for college applications. #1: Read Prompts Carefully Don’t just answer the surface-level question. You have quite a bit of space to answer each of these, so read each one carefully, understand the deeper questions it might be asking, such as â€Å"Why You?† and be sure to answer those as well. Brainstorming will be a huge help here, as you can get all of your ideas out and select the ones that support your point the best. #2: Connect Your Story to Your School When you're writing "Why Us?" essays, think about your story- the things that have made you who you are, your ambition, your goals- and add in how Georgetown is the next step on your journey.Think beyond that it has a good reputation or that lots of impressive people have graduated from there. Draw a clear line between you and Georgetown by tying your experience in with its curriculum and mission statement. This will demonstrate that you’re not just reusing the same essay for a bunch of schools, and that Georgetown is your real goal. #3: Edit and Revise Editing and revision are your best friends when it comes to a polished Georgetown essay. Don’t just fire off a draft and call it good. Spend some time planning, writing, editing, and revising, being sure to start early so you can let your drafts rest between readings. Spending more time will take some of the stress out of writing and let you put in more effort to get it into shape. The longer you have, the more thought you can put into it, so start early! What’s Next? Give yourself plenty of time to get your Georgetown essay done by staying on top of all the deadlines for your application. What else do you need to get into your dream school aside from stellar essays? This guide has all the requirements to get into Georgetown. Even if you're not going to Georgetown, you should understand the college application process from start to finish. This helpful guide will walk you through applying to college starting from your freshman year of high school! Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Risks and Rewards of Internationalization Essay

Risks and Rewards of Internationalization - Essay Example They have to compete with local as well as foreign firms. Many firms are founding new investment opportunities and new avenues of profit by going international. Internationalization also brings along with it its fair share of challenges. Firms have to adapt quickly in order to survive in the new world order. Internationalization has now become an important part of a firm’s strategy. It has become important to realize which strategies can be transferred abroad and what strategies are to be imported .Different markets pose different challenges, some of them may be solved by using global means whereas others need to be tackled through local strategies. In view of this; glocalisation is the new term which has been developed by researchers. Ohame (1994) has claimed that glocalisation means thinking global and acting local. (Hagiu, 2009) Although Internationalization has presented firms with numerous growth opportunities it also has presented various challenges such as an uncertain cultural, political and legal climate. The emerging markets such as India and China have unstable political and legal frameworks. It is difficult for firms to adjust to them and May sometime lead to collapse of the internal organization. Consequently firms have to find the best possible alternative when going for internationalization. They have to decide whether they want to go alone or venture into a partnership. This paper will analyse all such issues and the possible risks and rewards associated with internationalization. Internationalization: Definition Internationalization in simple terms can be defined as the process through which firms identify the international markets which are lucrative for them and try to enter it. Internationalization as a strategy can be adopted by firms by either acting alone or by acting in collaboration with other firms. (Cavusgil, 2009) Firms which act alone usually set up subsidiaries in the market which they want to enter or they may even buy up f irms which are already present in that market. An example of this technique can be seen when Vodafone entered the Indian market it bought a majority stake in the company Hutch which already had a presence in the Indian market. Most firms are wary to go alone in a new market and that too market of an emerging economy. So they prefer to partner with other firms and make a strategic alliance with one or more than one partners. These partners may be local business firms or multinational corporations who have been present in that market for a long time. E.g. – Honda ventured in the Indian market by tying up with Hero – the local Indian partner. (Ferná, et al., 2005) Ways to Penetrate New Markets Different methods can be used by firms looking for internationalization of their business. Some of them will be discussed here - Export Method This is the simplest method of entering an international market. This was the method utilized by firms in the times before globalization . Export method is also very relevant today if the international market is not promising enough and the sales number do not explain setting up shop in the country. The advantage of this method is that the firm does not have to build up infrastructure nor does it have to partner with clients. (Jones, 2009)The firm simple pays the custom duty and its products enter the market. However if the firm is looking to capture the market of the country; export method is not a viable option unless you have an advantage which cannot be removed. Cases in point here